出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1985.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第15卷第4期 Vol. 15, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
Female Headed Families in the United States: Trends and Characteristics
美國女性戶長家庭之趨勢及特徵

作者/Author
金玫 Wilawan Kanjanapan

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 73-96

摘要
本文探討1960年以來美國女性戶長家庭之變化情形，所使用之資料來自歷年人口普查結果之統計報告書。資料分析顯示，不論是白人或黑人，女性戶長家庭比率均呈長期上升趨勢，但增加速度則黑人遠高於白人。

本研究亦分析無配偶女性戶長之年齡、婚姻狀況、子女數、勞動力及貧窮狀態等特徵。結果發現，黑人與白人之女性戶長年齡均有年輕化之現象；至於婚姻狀況則略為不同，白人女性戶長大多爲離婚者，而黑人女性戶長則主要是未婚和己婚但不與配偶同居者。資料進一步指出，女性戶長之勞動力參與率雖高於男性戶長之配偶，但其家庭所得水準卻無相對優勢，女性戶長家庭屬於貧窮家庭之比率高於所有其他家庭。

Abstract
This paper examines the changing situation of the American female headed family over the last two decades, using data drawn from statistical census data published over the years. Analysis of the data reveals that a trend in which there is a rising proportion of female headed families for both black and white populations. The rate of increase is much faster for blacks than whites. This paper analyses the characteristics of women who head families, primarily examining their age, marital status, number of children residing in the family, labor force and poverty status. The results conclude that for both black and while populations, there is a similarly rising proportion of female heads that are young. There are differences, however, in the marital status distribution for the two races. Where the majority of white female heads are divorced, black female heads are for the most part single or married but have no spouse present. The data also shows that the labor force participation rate is significantly higher for women who head families than those whose spouses are present. Still the income status of female headed families is not correspondingly favorable, as here is a greater number of female headed families residing under the poverty level than in other types of households.

關鍵字/Key Word
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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
社會學 Sociology