出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1988.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第18卷第3期 Vol. 18, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
Immigrant Women and Their Work Experience: The Case of Asians in the United States
美國亞洲女性移民之就業狀況及薪資所得

作者/Author
金玫 Wilawan Kanjanapan

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 1-28

摘要
本文探討美國亞洲女性移民的就業狀況及薪資所得，硏究對象包括中國人丶菲律賓人、韓國人丶日本人丶印度人、越南人六大族群。主要的討論重點是「雙重排拒」(double negative)丶「雙重不利」(doubly disadvantaged)丶「三重壓制」(threefold oppression) 等觀念。質言之，本研究的目的在於檢驗女性移民是否因為其性別丶出生地和／或出身地位而在美國勞動市場中遭遇雙重或三重的歧視 (差別待遇)。

分析資料來自1980年美國人口普査，包括已發佈的總體數據，以及百分之一的個人樣本資料。首先比較亞洲女性移民與 (1) 亞洲男性移民丶(2) 白人婦女丶(3) 黑人婦女的勞動力特徵，結果顯示性別比種族因素對勞動力參與率丶失業水準丶職業分配更具影響力。本研究接著以迴歸分析方法來評估性別對薪資所得的影響程度，結論是每一亞洲移民族群中，女性的每小時薪資水準都顯著低於具有相同背景條件 (人力資本丶調適程度丶勞動市場地位相當) 的男性 (低10%至23%)。

Abstract
This paper attempts to examine the work situation and salary conditions of Asian female immigrants to the United States. The research focuses on Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Indian and Vietnamese female subjects. The main theoretical concepts discussed in this paper are “double negative,” “doubly disadvantaged” and “three-fold oppression.” The objective of this research is to examine whether female immigrants to the United States experience double or even triple discrimination in the American work place because of their sex, birth place and/or class status. The main source of data for this study comes from the 1980 census, which is comprised of a 1% sample of the total population. The analysis compared the economic performance of Asian immigrant women with their immigrant men counterparts as well as white and black women. The data showed that gender appeared to be more important than ethnicity in affecting labor force participation rates, unemployment rates, and occupational distribution. To further assess the effects of gender upon earnings, a regression analysis was performed, which shows that hourly earnings of immigrant women are significantly lower (about 10 to 23%) than those of immigrant men with similar social characteristics (e.g. human capital, adjustment to the host society, and position in the labor market).

關鍵字/Key Word
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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
社會學 Sociology