出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1993.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第23卷第3期 Vol. 23, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
Truth without Correspondence to Reality
不涉及與實在界對應之眞理論

作者/Author
羅逖 Richard Rorty

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 1-25

摘要
實用主義就其接受心靈之經驗探究而言，獨具美國特色。古典派的實用主義者中，杜威和詹姆士最常提及實用主義與美國民主實驗的關係，而此關係在華特．惠特曼的美國觀中得到了最佳印證：「美國就其立國理念與成就而言，幾乎完全以未來爲重。」杜威抨擊歐洲的形上學者 (例如康德及柏拉圖) 企圖將過去的文化價值不朽化，他引證黑格爾及達爾文，認爲哲學應對變化與成長服務，而非對永恒的眞理。

當今的新實用主義者 (如戴維森) 很少談到美國主義和實用主義的關係，其主要貢獻在於「語言學轉向」之後，建構出實用主義的眞理理論。雖然如此，他們的努力造就了美國哲學中康德主義的解構及黑格爾主義的重建，因爲他們幫助我們拋棄將知識當作表現實在界的嘗試。

從杜威的觀點來看，放棄這樣的知識理念即是以創造更好未來之期望取代柏拉圖逃避時間的企圖。

Abstract
Pragmatism’s acceptance of spiritual experience is often said to be a distinctively American philosophy. The classical pragmatists Dewey and James frequently refer to the relationship between pragmatism and American democracy. This link is most accurately revealed in a Whitmanesque Americanism which holds that America is a country which counts almost entirely upon the future. Dewey attacks the attempts by European metaphysicians, such as Kant and Plato, to canonize the cultural values of the past, instead, he holds up Hegel and Darwin as recognizing that philosophy should transform and serve progress rather than exist as an eternal truth. Current neo-pragmatists (like Davidson) very rarely discuss the relationship between Americanism and pragmatism. Instead, after the important contribution of the “linguistic turn” they constructed the pragmatist theory of truth. Their efforts have been towards de-Kantianizing and re-Hegelianizing American philosophy, which aids our rejection of the view that knowledge is a representation of reality. From Dewey’s perspective, these unpragmatic ideas about knowledge can be dismissed, as he expects the creation of a better future to replace Plato’s attempts to evade the temporal world.

關鍵字/Key Word
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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
哲學 Philosophy