出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1997.03

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第27卷第1期 Vol. 27, No. 1

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
分居或離婚後子女監護權之行使——1989年以前英國法之規定
The Exercise of Parental Right after Separation or Divorce: The Acts Related to Child Welfare in England before 1989

作者/Author
吳彥君 Yann-chun Wu

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 153-203

摘要
監護裁定 (custody order) 是英國行之多年的一種制度，在1989年兒童法通過前，它主導英國離婚父母、無婚姻關係父母或再婚父母與子女的關係，其設立目的在重新分配父母間原本存在之親權責任關係。在過去的一百多年間，為因應時代潮流、平權主義 (或女權主義) 者與父權主義者之抗衡、二十世紀以來兒童福利觀念之興起與逐漸發展等等變化，各類型有關子女監護之法律相繼制定。經過不斷地改進，英國之監護制度極富彈性並較易符合大眾之需求。

1996年9月6日，我國爭議多時之親屬編修訂條文三讀通過。儘管昔日父權優先等相關條文已加以刪除或修改，但由於許多細部規定暨法院判例仍付諸闕如；當事人、法院、實務工作者對於部分離婚或分居後子女之權利與義務仍無所依循。本文將以監護裁定之法源、立法政策、英國各方對監護裁定之批評與建議暨相關案例為討論重點。同時、筆者亦將新通過之修訂條文與英國法比較並提出多處質疑與意見，期待能去蕪存菁，對我國子女權利義務之行使有所助益。

Abstract
The Custody Order in England has been implemented for more than one hundred years. As such order stands for a redistribution of the exercise of parental right following separation or divorce, it has had a large influence on the children before the Children Act 1989 passed. The party obtaining the grant of the Custody Order enjoys a dominant position in connection with the matters related to his/her children. The paper emphasizes the legal resources, the policies, and the development of the Custody Order in England, which is also compared with the guardianship in Taiwan. Fewer materials available about the exercise of parental right in Taiwan created difficulties for decision-making. Therefore, the experience of the Custody Order in England shall provide valuable lessons to us.

關鍵字/Key Word
一般監護、共同監護、分別監護、監護權人裁定、單獨監護、監護裁定、居住裁定、1989年英國兒童法
guardianship, joint custody, split custody, custodianship order, sole custody, supervision order, residence order, the Children Act 1989

DOI
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學門分類/Subject
法學 Law