出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1997.06

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第27卷第2期 Vol. 27, No. 2

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
冷戰與難民援助：美國「援助中國知識人士協會」，1952年至1959年
The Cold War and the Refugee Assistance: A Case Study of Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals, 1952-1959

作者/Author
趙綺娜 Ena Chao

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 65-108

摘要
美國「援助中國耘識人士協會」(Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals, Inc.，簡稱為「援知會」）是一九五○年代由一批親國府人士所紐成的民間慈善團體，以援助大陸淪陷之後滯留港澳，生活陷入困境的中國知讖分子為職志。他們不滿華府忽視援助港澳中國難民在反共心理戰略上的價值，決定自行募款來援救這些「和識難民」。「援知會」的行動，迫使美國政府正視如果不妥善處理港澳中國難民問題，可能會對美國在亞洲的聲望造成負面影響。「援知會」自1953年起獲得華府的資助，陸續將約一萬四千名的流亡知識分子及其家屬移民到臺灣、美國、東南亞等地。「援知會」的活動，其實是個官、民合作，藉援助難民之慈善活動，以達成美國反共外交之目的。

Abstract
Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals, Inc. (ARCI), a voluntary agency established in 1952 under the leadership of Congressman Walter Judd of Minnesota, was organized to offer assistance to some 25,000 displaced Chinese intellectuals who had fled the Communist mainland to seek refuge in Hong Kong and Macao. ARCI saw the Chinese refugee situation in Hong Kong as singnifying the U.S. neglect of refugee and migration problem in the Far East, while resources were being devoted to the alleviation of similar conditions in Europe and the Near East. Failing to raise enough funds from private sources, ARCI had to rely on the financial support of U.S. Escapee Program to conduct its resettlement projects. In the 1950s, ARCI resettled approximately 14,000 Chinese intellectuals to Taiwan, the United States, and South East Asia. ARCI’s work was part of the U.S. global effort to use philanthropic work to achieve her anti-Communist goal.

關鍵字/Key Word
「援助中國知識人士協會」、冷戰、香港、難民救助丶心戰
Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals, Cold War, Hong Kong, refugee assistance, psychological warfare

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
史學 History