出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1997.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第27卷第4期 Vol. 27, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
甘乃迪政府與一九六三年越南流血政變
The Kennedy Administration and the Bloody 1963 Coup in Vietnam

作者/Author
魏良才 Liang-tsai Wei

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 53-84

摘要
對美國及南越人民來說，越戰無疑是二十世紀人類歷史上最大的悲劇之一。越戰對美國的影響涵蓋政治丶軍事丶外交、經濟及社會各層面。

美國之所以深陷越戰泥淖，究其原因與1963年推翻吳廷琰的流血政變有密切的關係；而甘乃迪政府在這場政變中扮演了主導性的關鍵角色。本文的目的即在探討吳氏之崛起及其與美國的淵源、吳廷琰政府面臨的問題、流血政變的前因與後果以及甘乃迪政府在政變中所扮演的角色。

本文的探討發現甘乃迪及吳廷琰對流血政變均各有其難以推卸的責任。甘乃迪所犯的錯誤在於制定對越政策時未先整合內部的意見，其本人雖未推動政變，但卻未能及時有效地阻止部份美國官員的參與。吳廷琰所犯之錯誤則在於受其家族之包圍擺佈，未能在內政上採取必要的改革措施，終至難逃敗亡之命運。

Abstract
As far as the United States and the Vietnamese people are concerned, the Vietnam War was undoubtedly one of the most tragic events in this century. The War had significant and lasting impacts on American politics, military service, diplomacy, economy and society.

The bloody coup that overthrew Ngo Dinh Diem in early November 1963 contributed significantly to the United States’ later deepening involvement in the War, and the Kennedy Administration played an active and direct role in the coup. This paper intends to trace the emergence of Diem and his relations with American leaders, the difficult domestic problems challenging the Diem regime, and the causes and effects of the bloody coup.

This paper concludes that both Kennedy and Diem share unequivocal responsibility for the coup. Kennedy’s responsibility lay in the fact that although he did not instigate the coup, he failed to prevent his subordinates from participating. Diem’s fatal weakness was his unwillingness to initiate some necessary reforms, which eventually led to his downfall and violent death.

關鍵字/Key Word
甘乃迪政府、吳廷琰、吳廷瑈夫人、佛教徒示威丶流血軍事政變
Kennedy Administration, Ngo Dinh Diem, Madame Nhu, Buddhist demonstrations, bloody military coup

全文下載 PDF Download

DOI
--

學門分類/Subject
政治學 Political Science