出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1997.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第27卷第4期 Vol. 27, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
美國雇主對工作場所性騷擾事件之法律責任及預防之道
Employer Liability and the Prevention of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in the United States

作者/Author
焦興鎧 Cing-Kae Chiao

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 85-197

摘要
美國是目前所有工業先進國家中，對工作場所性騷擾事件之防範及處里規定最為完備者。其平等就業機會委員會早在1980年，即已針對這頫事件頒布指導原則，除認為應嚴予禁止外，並建議對未事先防範或善加處置之雇主科處連帶賠償責任。嗣後，聯邦各級法院自1981年起，也針對這類事件做成各項有利於原告被客人之判決。目前，由於1991年民權法之修訂，已使得雇主就這類事件所應負擔之法律責任更形吃重，而柯林頓總統行政當局也希望能提高雇主對這類事件之損害賠償金額度，這些措施可說都是其他工業先進國所望塵莫及者。由於工場所性騷擾事件不但對受雇者 (尤其是婦女) 造成各種有形之損害，而且也直接有礙兩性工作平等理念之達成，因此，對美國在這方面所從事之努力及累積之經驗，自應密切加以注意。

Abstract
Among all industrialized nations, the United States has hitherto established the best system in preventing and combating sexual harassment incidents in the workplace. In 1980, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issued guidelines affirming that sexual harassment in the workplace is a form of sex discrimination and imposed strict liability on employers for failing to take reasonable preventive or remedial measures. As of 1981, federal courts at every level have rendered decisions in a number of related cases which have been generally favorable to employee complaints. Since the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1991, employer liability in incidents of sexual harassment in the workplace has been increased considerably. Furthermore, the Clinton administration also plans to adopt several measures to provide better protection for affected employees, such as increasing the amount paid by employers who lose their cases. All these new developments strongly indicate that the United States will maintain its leadership position concerning sexual harassment issues in the workplace. Since sexual harassment in the workplace can cause various adverse effects to employees (especially female workers) and directly impede the ideal of attaining gender equality in employment, it is of vital importance to pay close attention to the efforts made and the experience accumulated in this field by the United States.

關鍵字/Key Word
工作場所性騷擾丶性別歧視、就業歧視、雇主法律責任
sexual harassment in the workplace, sex discrimination, employment discrimination, employer liability

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
法學 Law