出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1997.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第27卷第4期 Vol. 27, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
「次级選舉」理論與歐洲議會選舉：英國經驗資料之檢證
Second-Order Elections and European Parliament Elections: An Empirical Test with British Data

作者/Author
黃偉峰 Wei-Feng Huang

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 199-232

摘要
歐洲議會選舉被認為是次級選舉，因為選民認為它是次要的，故較不願出席投票，也不願繼續支持相同的政黨。總體資料大致符合次級選舉理論的假設，但個體資料卻不足以證實。反而是那些正確地認為歐洲議會推力較本國國會小的歐洲公民較易出席投票。本文目的在於重新檢證次級選舉理論的個體假說，並以英國經驗資料佐證，發現英國選民並非因歐選較次要而不投票，而是因為對政治缺乏興趣而不投票。因此，筆者提出「政黨動員」假說來修正次級選舉理論的個體假設，而初步的英國資料亦支持「政黨動員」的假說。不過，我們仍應檢證其他歐洲各國的經驗資料，再作結論。

Abstract
Elections to the European Parliament (EP) have often been regarded as second-order elections, because they do not involve the power and formation of a national government. According to the second-order election thesis, people believe that there is less at stake in second-order elections, so they are less likely to turn out to vote in these elections. While various macro-level evidence in EP elections has been found to support the above hypotheses, micro-level evidence has not yielded a conclusive result. In particular, there is little evidence to support the hypothesis that European citizens believe there is less at stake in EP elections.

This paper attempts to re-examine the micro-foundation of the second-order election thesis. Using survey data from British Election Panel Study, the author finds that British people who are not interested in European politics were less likely to vote in the 1994 EP election. However, lacking political interest in Europe is not equivalent to believing that EP elections are not important. It can be attributed to a lack of information, alternatives or something which has nothing to do with voters' evaluation of the importance of EP elections. Faced this ambiguous evidence, the author presents an alternative micro-level hypothesis: namely, party mobilization hypothesis. Initial evidence from the United Kingdom is provided to support this hypothesis.

關鍵字/Key Word
次級選舉、歐洲議會丶政黨動員假說、割裂投票丶策略投票
second-order election, European Parliament, party­ mobilization hypothesis, ticket-splitting, tactical voting

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
政治學 Political Science