出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1998.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第28卷第3期 Vol. 28, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
英國文官的政治中立——矛盾與困境
The Political Neutrality of British Civil Servants

作者/Author
鄧志松 Chih-sung Teng

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 101-150

摘要
一般對文官政治中立的界定是文官立場超然、公正，公平對待不同黨派；然而，就英國而言，政治中立並不強調公平對待不同黨派，而是公平對待不同政府。亦即，文官必須以同樣的忠誠，服務不同政府，不論其政治立場為何。就這個觀點而言，英國的文官是具有政黨傾向的，只是他們如同變色龍般隨時調整自己的政黨色彩。不過，有政黨傾向並不代表政府可以為所欲為。相反地，基於傳統，英固文官高度自主。表面上，文官沒有法律地位；然而，他們立場堅定，捍衛憲政傳統，不遺餘力。值得注意的是，英國的制度有明顯的內在矛盾，惟賴部長與文官，謹慎自持、互信互賴，矛盾方得以化解。二次大戰以後，英國經濟發展停滯，文官漸成政策失當的代罪羔羊。政府與文官互信的基礎動搖，傳統的「政治中立」亦面臨強烈的挑戰。

Abstract
The term of political neutrality is used to clarify the duties and responsibilities of civil servants and their relationships with the incumbent administration. Generally speaking, the term is taken to mean impartiality, honesty, objectivity, or working for the long­ term public interest. However, what does impartiality or objectivity really mean? Or, what kinds of conduct could be seen as neutral? These questions are quite controversial. In this essay, the author takes the British Civil Service as a case study and discusses the theory and practice of British conventions for the political neutrality of civil servants. No doubt the British Civil Service has an excellent reputation; however, there have been some potential conflicts within the British system. After the radical civil service reforms launched by the Conservatives since 1979, it seems that these traditional conventions have become increasingly difficult to maintain.

關鍵字/Key Word
文官、政治中立、行政中立、新公共管理丶柴契爾政府
Civil Service, political neutrality, administrative neutrality, new public management, Thatcher government

DOI
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學門分類/Subject
政治學 Political Science