出刊年月/Date of Publishing
1998.12
所屬卷期/Vol. & No. 第28卷第4期 Vol. 28, No. 4
類型/Type 研究論文 Research Article
Embedded Files
作者/Author
裘兆琳 Jaw-Ling Joanne Chang
頁碼/Pagination
pp. 103-172
摘要
烏拉圭回合談判始於1986年，經過將近七年半的艱苦誤判，才終於獲致協議。「烏拉圭回合協議」生效以後，將會對美國若干產業界造成不利的影響。美國政府關稅的收入減少之後，如何平衡預算赤字，重新分配預算大餅，是美國國內爭議的原因之一。本文首先探討「烏拉圭回合協定法」引起美國國會正｀反雙方激辯的主要因素。在柯林頓總統積極的斡旋下，美國參議院共和黨領袖杜爾終於在1994年11月23日公開表示支持此項貿易協定，但是民主黨多位重量級參、眾領袖卻仍然公開唱反調，其主要原因為何？1994年11月29日以及12月1日，美國眾議院及參議院分別批准通過了「烏拉圭回合協定法」。本文最後探討柯林頓政府爭取國會支持之各項策略，並評估柯林頓政府處理府丶會關係的總體表現。
Abstract
The Uruguay Round of negotiations to revise the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GAIT) began in September 1986 in Punta del Este, Uruguay. Negotiations were concluded in April 1994 in Morocco. The Uruguay Round was the eighth renegotiation of GAIT, which was created at the end of World War II and governs most world trade. The pact was intended to sharply reduce trade barriers, including tariffs, import quotas and subsidies. This study examines the ratification of the Uruguay Round Trade Agreements Act from executive-congressional conflict perspective. The first part of this study analyzes congressional assertiveness on the 1994 GAIT Accord from the perspective of institutional and electoral motives. The second part of this study examines the background of the Uruguay Round of negotiations and its likely impacts on U.S. economy. The third part of this study analyzes strategie and tactics used by the Clinton Administration to gain congressional support. The U.S. Congress finally approved the Uruguay Round Trade Agreements at the end of 1994. The approval offers another case in which U.S. presidential preferences prevail over those of Congress.
關鍵字/Key Word
府會之爭與「烏拉圭回合協定法」、快速立法程序、預算豁免、白宮遊說國會之策略丶柯林頓處理府丶會關係之表現
executive-congressional politics, Uruguay Round Agreements Act, “Fast-Track Procedure,” budget waiver, Clinton’s lobbying tactics
DOI
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學門分類/Subject
政治學 Political Science
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