出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2000.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第30卷第4期 Vol. 30, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
The Welfare State, the Labor Market, and the Stability of Household Income: A Comparison of the U.S. and Germany
福利國、勞動市場，及家庭收入的穩定性：美國與德國的比較

作者/Author
湯姆士．第普利德、帕翠夏．美克馬勒斯 Thomas A. DiPrete and Patricia A. McManus

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 1-46

摘要
個人的經濟地位穩定性，不單取決於職業的異動，也受制於家庭動態的改變。家庭形成，家庭成員分離及配偶職業改變等事件都可能會對家庭收入及生活水準有重大影響。在德國，家庭收入的穩定性比美國高。這樣的差異可歸因於美國勞動薪資的不穩定及德國較有效率的國家社會保險制度。德國之所以有較高家庭收入穩定性，對高收入者及低收入者來說，其原因有所不同。對高收入者來說，較高家庭收入穩定性是因為社會制度減少負面家庭事件的發生率。對低收入者來說，較高家庭收入穩定性來自於政策性的保護，減少負面事件發生後的收入損失。

Abstract
The stability of an individual’s economic status depends on that individual’s job changes, but also on household dynamics. Events like family formation, union dissolution, and partner’s job shifts can produce potentially large shifts in household income and living standards. A comparison of the U.S. and Germany shows that household income tends to be more stable in Germany than in the U.S. This disparity is partly due to greater turbulence in labor earnings in the U.S. and partly due to the more effective public social insurance system in Germany. The source of the greater income stability in Germany than in the U.S. appears to vary depending on location in the income distribution. At the top the protection stems primarily from institutional forces that reduce the rate of negative events relative to the U.S. At the bottom this protection is reinforced by policies that limit the negative impact of these events on income loss.

關鍵字/Key Word
福利國、勞動市場、家庭收入、收入分配、跨國社會階層比較
welfare state, labor market, household income, income distribution, cross-national inequality

DOI
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學門分類/Subject
社會學 Sociology