出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2001.03

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第31卷第1期 Vol. 31, No. 1

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
美國政府在台灣的教育與文化交流活動 (1951-1970)
U.S. Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs in Taiwan (1951-1970)

作者/Author
趙綺娜 Ena Chao

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 79-127

摘要
從1951年到1970年，美國幾乎壟斷了海外文化輸入台灣的管道。共同安全法案 (Mutual Security Act)、史墨法案 (Smith-Mundt Act) 及傅爾布萊特法案 (Fulbright Act) 是美國政府在台灣進行文化外交活動的主要工具。華府所要達成的主要目標有四。其一，促進台灣人民對美國文化、制度之了解，增進台灣人民以及東南亞華人對美國反共政策之信心；其二，提高中華民國政府的國際聲望，塑造其在海外「傳統中國文化的保存者，現代中國文明的真正代表」之形象；其三，協助培養台灣現代化所需的經貿、科技人才；其四，在台灣社會、政治的領袖階層中，培養一大批親美人士，以維持甚至擴大美國在台灣政治、社會中之影響力，特別是刻意培植華府與本省籍政治、社會領袖之友誼與特殊關係。

Abstract
From 1951 through 1970, U.S. support was indispensable for the survival of the Nationalist government on Taiwan; consequently, American culture was the predominant foreign influence on Taiwan’s society during the period. The Mutual Security Act, the Smith-Mundt Act, and the Fulbright Act were the three major instruments of the U.S. Government for conducting cultural diplomacy activities in Taiwan. U.S. educational exchange programs had four objectives: (a) promoting knowledge and confidence in American political, economic and cultural institutions and foreign policy among people in Taiwan and overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia; (b) promoting the prestige of the Republic of China and strengthening abroad its image as the repository of traditional Chinese culture and the true representative of contemporary Chinese civilization; (c) advancing the educational, cultural, political and economic development that was important for Taiwan’s drive for modernization; d) cultivating a sizable pro-American leadership in Taiwan and nurturing the special friendship between the U.S. and native Taiwanese leaders.

關鍵字/Key Word
教育交換、美國文化外交政策、傅爾布萊特獎助金、美援、冷戰
educational exchange, American cultural diplomacy, Fulbright programs, AID, Cold War

DOI
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學門分類/Subject
史學 History