出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2001.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第31卷第3期 Vol. 31, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
Unity and Diversity in the Living Arrangements of Older Adults in Different Regions of Europe
歐洲各區老人居住安排的異同

作者/Author
鶴珍妮 Jenny de Jong Gierveld

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 461-517

摘要
由於經濟與文化的牽連，歐洲各國共同享有一個關係密切的過去。一九六○年代以來的文化價值變遷，諸如世俗化與個人主義的盛行，影響了年輕人及老年人的規範與價值。作者根據UN ECE的「老年生活面面觀」(Dynamic of Aging) 研究計劃來驗證這些文化價值變遷對老人居住安排的影響。資料顯示，獨立感與自主性的萌發影響了歐洲老人的日常居家生活方式：絕大多數的已婚老人與配偶單獨居住，超過一半的寡婦則選擇獨居。不過歐洲老人的居住安排亦不乏多樣性，在南歐及東歐，喪偶老老人多住在二代或三代同堂的家戶中；在北歐及西歐則少見這樣的例子。年輕人與老年人對於家庭的看法以及經濟來源的不同是造成這些歧異的主要潛因。

Abstract
European countries share a history of close ties. They have long been linked economically as well as through cultural ties. Cultural changes such as secularization and individualization that have taken place since the 1960s have influenced the common norms and values of both young and old. In investigating the effects of these changes on the living arrangements of older people data are used from the “Dynamics of Aging” project, of the Population Activities Unit of the UN ECE. The data show that developments directed towards independence and self-determination are affecting the daily lives of older persons: older married people in Europe live predominantly as couples in households without other persons, and over fifty percent of all widows live in one-person households. Diversity in the patterns of living arrangements of older persons in Europe is registered in that living in a two－or three-generation household is still relatively common among the oldest-old widowed persons in southern and eastern Europe, while being virtually absent in northern and western Europe. Differences in family values and in the financial resources of young and old people underlie this diversity.

關鍵字/Key Word
居住安排、老人、第二次人口轉型、歐洲
living arrangements, elderly people, Second Demographic Transition, Europe

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
社會學 Sociology