出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2001.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第31卷第3期 Vol. 31, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
The Double Tongue, the Double Vision, and the Double Doubles
《雙舌》，雙重視界與互為他我

作者/Author
鄭秀瑕 Adela Jeng

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 519-570

摘要
高爾丁的天鵝之歌《雙舌》重述他一生嚮往的雙重視界：理性與靈性兼容並蓄。女主角亞麗卡是西元前一世紀阿波羅神廟的祭司，身處物理世界與靈性天地之間；她的雙舌既通人語也通天語，既合人理又合天理。

亞麗卡並非唯一身處兩界的人物。男主角埃歐奈迪思是神廟的最高祭司，他要求亞麗卡調和折衷於兩界之間，自己則選擇理性世界，利用職位之便鼓動希臘各城邦脫離羅馬獨立。但他終究無從遁形於靈性天地，必須折服於眾神意志之下。

埃歐奈迪思雖較亞麗卡年長許多，卻未完成其成年禮。他成為亞麗卡的「他我」，幫助亞麗卡更加認識自我，不斷成長。而亞麗卡則幾近羽化，化為埃歐奈迪思之「不朽的他我」。兩人所扮演的角色有別於大多數現代小說中負面的「他我」，較接近古代史詩中英雄摯友所扮演的「第二我」角色。本文作者相信高爾丁作品中「他我」的靈感來自神話和希臘悲劇，與佛洛伊德所謂壓抑的自我並無淵源。

Abstract
William Golding’s unfinished swan song, The Double Tongue, recapitulates his life-long obsession with the double vision: the rational and the spiritual reconciled with each other. The heroine Arieka’s double tongue speaks in the same breath the mortal language and the divine language, the natural truth and the spiritual truth. She is expected to live on two levels at once, mediating between the physical universe and the spiritual cosmos.

And Arieka is not the only character whose conscious-ness spans two worlds. The hero Ionides, who commands her to straddle the boundary while choosing to remain on the rational level himself, is forced to share part of her vision. Since both characters are double-visioned, together they become doubly-doubled and resemble the doubly-doubled key to the double doors in the Delphic adytum. The double visions thus multiply into a fourfold vision like that of William Blake in the poem quoted by Northrop Frye in his posthumous Double Vision.

Though Ionides fails to complete his rite of passage, while Arieka crosses the boundary into the province of the initiated, the hero still serves as the heroine’s double, like many other characters in Golding’s earlier novels who help complete the protagonist’s spiritual journey. Whereas the ancient heroes are preponderantly male and generally require the Jungian “anima” for an integrated self, in Golding’s last story it is the heroine who penetrates the world of the “other” and comes out the fuller grown of the two. On the other hand, Arieka survives Ionides almost supernaturally as his immortal double. And unlike most modern doubles, such as those in Golding’s other stories, Arieka’s “other” is more supportive than sinister, hence closer in kin to the ancient second selves like Gilgamesh’s Enkidu and Achilles’ Patroclus. It is a central argument of this paper that Golding derives inspiration for doubling mostly from mythology and Greek drama rather than from Freud’s interpretation of the suppressed self.

關鍵字/Key Word
高爾丁、《雙舌》、雙重視界、他我、第二我
William Golding, The Double Tongue, Double vision, the Double, the Second self

DOI
--

學門分類/Subject
文學 Literature