出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2002.06

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第32卷第2期 Vol. 32, No. 2

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
美國勞資集體協商制度之法律政策分析
The Analysis of Legal Policies for Collective Bargaining Systems in the USA

作者/Author
吳育仁 Yu-Jen Wu

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 209-269

摘要
從整體工業關係的角度，美國勞資集體協商制度具有法制性、民主性、對立性、以及公權介入等特色。但是，支撐美國集體協商制度的勞工法律政策有何具體特徵呢？它背後隱藏的啟示經驗和理論意涵究竟為何呢？作者從美國集體協商制度中的權利義務的建立出發，到權利義務關係的終止，討論和分析美國集體協商制度之法律政策，並以批判思考的角度，論述可供參考的經驗及引申的涵義。最後，本文歸納出四點重要的具體特徵：集體協商關係的高度法制化 (特別是程序性規範)、以嚴格的政治民主程序來規制代表權的形成和行使、對立模式的制度造成勞資雙方彼此對抗和利益衝突、公權力嚴格地介入集體協商程序。這四大主因直接或間接影響美國集體協商制度的發展。

Abstract
In light of comparative industrial relations, the rights and duties in relationships of collective bargaining between employers and unions in the USA can be characterized as legalism, democracy, conflict and state intervention. However, what are the substantial features of the legal policies regulating collective bargaining in the USA? What are the empirical experiences and theoretical implications behind such legal policies? Based on a critical approach, the author explores the rise and decline of collective bargaining by addressing rights and duties in collective bargaining from the establishment to the termination of relationships between employers and unions. The article concludes by outlining four factors operative in the development of collective bargaining in the USA: highly legalistic relationships, regulation of exclusively representative rights by rigidly democratical processes, an adversarial model that leads to confrontation and conflicts of interest between employers and employees, and highly public interventions in collective bargaining procedures.

關鍵字/Key Word
集體協商、工會承認、專屬協商代表權、公平代表義務、誠信協商義務
collective bargaining, union recognition, exclusively bargaining representatives, the duty to represent fairly, the duty to bargain in good faith

DOI
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學門分類/Subject
法學 Law