出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2002.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第32卷第3期 Vol. 32, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
從性史到修養史——論傅柯《性史》第二卷中的四元架構
From the History of Sexuality to the History of Self-cultivation—On the Theoretical Structure of Foucault’s The Use of Pleasure

作者/Author
何乏筆 Fabian Heubel

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 437-467

摘要
傅柯《性史》第二卷所關注的問題其實不是「性」而是「自我技藝」或廣義的「修養論」。為了研究歐洲修養論的發展，傅柯提出一種四元架構，即四個所謂「主體化的模式」﹕「本體論」、「義務論」、「工夫論」和「目的論」。本文分析《性史》第二卷中的四元架構，介紹傅柯修養論的理論結構，並指明相關的問題。此外，《性史》第二卷涉及中西文化比較「跨文化修養史」如何可能的問題。關於中國傳統儒釋道修養論的研究，經常運用「本體」、「工夫」、「境界」三概念，顯然與《性史》第二卷中的四元架構具有相應之處。本文的目標不在於整理複述傅柯的論點，而在於開顯傅柯著作中所潛藏的另類意涵。因此，本文突顯出《性史》第二卷較邊緣的說法，以開展出傅柯研究的另一種遠景。

Abstract
This paper clarifies the philosophical implications of Michel Foucault’s discussion of ancient self-cultivation and the so-called techniques of the self. In The Use of Pleasure (volume two of The History of Sexuality) , Foucault consciously breaks with the modernist opposition between sexual repression and sexual liberation. His study of “sexuality” in ancient Greek philosophical and medical literature situates sexual activity within a larger field, the culture of self. Concerned with the move from the problematic of sexuality to the problematic of self-cultivation, this paper explores how Foucault uses a conceptual framework articulating ontology, deontology, ascetics and teleology—the four key notions which he calls “modes of subjectivation”—to outline a history of European self-cultivation.

Although Foucault introduces the idea of a “general history of the techniques of the self,” his study fails to realize the promise of generality, as European examples dominate the discussion. In spite of this limitation, Foucault’s text offers important clues for a transcultural reading. This paper tries to use these clues both to interrogate the limits of the Foucauldian theoretical framework and to go with Foucault beyond Foucault towards elements of a truly general (and hence, transcultural) history of self-cultivation.

關鍵字/Key Word
傅柯、性史、修養史、本體論、工夫論
Foucault, history of sexuality, history of self-cultivation, ontology, asceticism

DOI
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學門分類/Subject
哲學 Philosophy