出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2002.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第32卷第3期 Vol. 32, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
諾曼第戰役期間德國防衛作戰之探討
The German Defensive Operation during the Normandy Campaign

作者/Author
陳郴 Chern Chen

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 499-566

摘要
在1943年德黑蘭會議上，美英蘇三國決定了對德國占領下的西歐實施登陸作戰。此項人類歷史上最大規模的兩棲登陸作戰，始於1944年6月6日 (D-Day) 盟軍攻擊登陸法國諾曼第海岸。

儘管憑藉著先期戰場經營所構築的工事與陣地，德軍卻未能擊退盟軍登陸並阻止其向內陸突破。德軍防衛作戰無法有效遏阻盟軍攻勢的主要原因在於裝甲預備隊部署分散，未能在盟軍登陸的關鍵時刻發揮決定性影響。此外，居於絕對劣勢的海、空軍兵力、指揮系統混淆與缺乏彈性的作戰指導，均決定德國防衛作戰最後失敗的命運。

諾曼第之役不僅象徵著德國在西歐戰場上的失敗，更暴露出德軍的西部防線已瀕臨崩潰邊緣，巨大的戰爭耗損更使得德國在各戰場的作戰難以為繼，而逐步邁向敗亡之途。

Abstract
At the Tehran Conference in November 1943, the Allies agreed on the timing of the cross-Channel invasion of German-occupied Western Europe. The most grand-scale amphibious landing in human history began with Allied forces landing on the Normandy coast on D-Day (6 June 1944).

Facing the Allied Invasion were German troops waiting and preparing for the inevitable confrontation. However, despite the coastal barricades and fortifications, the German Army could not repulse the Allied landing and the subsequent break-through. The reasons behind the failure of the German defense were diverse: primarily, armored reserves were located so far from the coast that they were unable to immediately intervene in the fighting against the enemies for the first days. Furthermore, the Allied superiority in the air and at sea, the confusion of the German high command system and the difference of German operational command for the anti-Invasion defense, turned the German counteroffensive into a resounding defeat.

The Normandy campaign was not only a decisive battle in World War II, but also a fundamental turning point in the war. It quickly changed into a bitter German defeat turned the tide toward the German decline.

關鍵字/Key Word
德黑蘭會議、兩棲登陸作戰、裝甲預備隊、作戰指導
the Tehran Conference, amphibious landing, armored reserves, operational command

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DOI
https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.200209.0499

學門分類/Subject
史學 History