出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2003.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第33卷第4期 Vol. 33, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
種族歧視外一章——二次大戰前美國男性華人洗衣人員生活的性別面向
The Missing Chapter of Racism—The Gender Aspects in the Lives of Chinese Laundrymen in the United States before World War II

作者/Author
王秀惠 Hsiu-hui Wang

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 801-849

摘要
本文檢視二次大戰前，以男性為主的美國華人洗衣人員生活中的性別面向，分析種族和性別因素之影響力。論文以洗衣工作為主軸，分析美國女性工作與家庭地位的演變，進而剖析其如何影響身為少數族群的男性華人洗衣人員的生活。研究發現多元種族的美國社會，男性生活中的性別面向，會依種族膚色不同而各有差異，顯示白人社會將性別因素融入其權力結構之中，經由父權體制的運作，使得性別以一種隱喻的方式，傳達和體現種族不平等的社會關係。但是男性華人洗衣人員彰顯洗衣工作的生產意義，用商業經營的模式與專業服務相互連結，藉以沖淡工作中的女性象徵或家庭勞務意涵，並凸顯出他們試圖擺脫美國社會種族歧視和經濟箝制的努力。

Abstract
The paper examines the roles of race and gender in the lives of Chinese laundrymen in the United States before World War II. Focused on laundry work, the study investigates first the development of Chinese laundries, along with the changes of work and family among American women; and secondly how these changes affected the work experiences and lives of Chinese laundrymen. As the study indicated, articulated by systems of race and gender, laundry work was organized to produce and reproduce the social relations of power. Depending on their race, men in the United States experience gender in different ways. Chinese laundrymen were regarded as substitutes for American women doing domestic work, and thus became outcaste from the power politics. Under the mechanism of patriarchy and racial hegemony, American white society integrated complicatedly the gender issue with its racial relations. Yet, with the establishment of commercial laundries and the stress on professionally laundering men’s shirts, Chinese laundrymen employed various ways to reduce gender implications of laundry work and eventually to struggle against the racism and economic restrictions.

關鍵字/Key Word
種族歧視、性別、男性華人洗衣人員
racism, gender, Chinese laundrymen

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
史學 History