出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2003.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第33卷第4期 Vol. 33, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
The Catholic Response to Enlightenment and Modernity in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
天主教會對啟蒙運動和「現代性」的回應

作者/Author
張淑勤 Shu-Chin Chang

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 851-872

摘要
在十八世紀啟蒙運動和法國大革命的時代，向來主導歐洲文化的天主教會失去其社會中心地位。在世俗化的過程中，天主教會似乎和「現代性」對立。但是史家或許要對此做較深層的思考，即教會內部雖被反對「現代性」的言論所主導，卻弔詭地在十九世紀和二十世紀初成功地回應了「現代性」，並且產生了「現代性」的教會。

Abstract
Despite a belief that the Catholic Church lost its central place in European society from the eighteenth century, the process of secularisation allows us to see how the Church succeeded in regaining its social role in the nineteenth century. Thus, although the Enlightenment and the French Revolution displaced the Church as a spiritual as well as a temporal power throughout much of Europe, it gradually became possible for the Church to come to terms with “modernity.” It was aided in this by the momentum of Romanticism, which embodied a longing for the values and sentiments of the Middle Ages, and thus provided an environment in which phenomena such as apparitions gained the popular imagination as well as that of many intellectuals and allowed the Church once more to play a popular role in a society which was developing in terms of science, gender behavior and the politicisation of the masses. The appeal of Rome, through the Ultramontanist movement, encouraged a Liberal Catholicism which, despite an autocratic attitude by some popes (Gregory XVI, Pius IX) and the proclamation of Papal Infallibility, led to the modern possibility of a Christian-Democratic alliance in politics.

關鍵字/Key Word
天主教會、世俗化、啟蒙運動、現代性
Catholic Church, secularisation, Enlightenment, modernity

DOI
--

學門分類/Subject
史學 History