出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2004.06

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第34卷第2期 Vol. 34, No. 2

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
Nietzsche’s Forgotten Umbrella—Memory, Life and History
尼采遺忘的雨傘——記憶、生命與歷史

作者/Author
賴俊雄 Chung-Hsiung Lai

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 203-229

摘要
「遺忘」一般均被視為一種記憶的不足或缺陷，然而尼采卻視之為生命不可或缺之至寶。在他一份未發表的手稿中寫著：「我忘了我的雨傘」。這句日常平淡的話語提醒了我們，歷史與記憶猶如一把雨傘——不斷地被打開、收起；想起、遺忘；使用、擱置。我們使用它，僅當它可以為我們的生命服務。無用置疑，「遺忘」的問題即是「時間」的問題及「存在於世間」的問題。或者可以說，是記憶、生命及歷史「解構」的問題。簡言之，「遺忘」有如一把被歷史哲學家們有意或無意遺忘的雨傘，卻被尼采將之拾起並用來為「生命」抵擋「記憶」的豪雨及「存在」的艷陽。本文的宗旨，首在探討「遺忘」的解構本質以及與記憶、生命及歷史之間的辨証關係，進而，探討我們「為何」與「如何」藝術地結合「遺忘」與「記憶」來服務並創造生命。

Abstract
While forgetfulness is usually treated as a defect of memory, especially in relationship to the past, Nietzsche famously praises it as a creative, affirmative and fundamental element of life and of “the unhistorical.” In an unpublished Nietzschean manuscript we find the sentence, “I have forgotten my umbrella.” This “forgotten umbrella” reminds us that history, or memory, is just like an umbrella—by turns opened and closed, unfolded and folded, remembered and forgotten. We open it only when it can serve our lives. Doubtless the question of forgetfulness is a (Heideggerian) question of time and of Being-in-the-world—but also a (Derridean) one of the deconstruction of memory, of life and of history. That is, forgetfulness is an umbrella which philosophers of history had forgotten and left (deliberately or unconsciously) somewhere until Nietzsche found it and used it to protect “life” from the heavy rain of “remembering” and the hot sun of “Being.” Thus this paper aims to explore the deconstructive nature of forgetfulness and its problematic relation with memory, life and history. In so doing, I will also examine the problem of why and how we can artistically reconcile “forgetting” with “remembering” in order to serve and (re)create or (re)engender our own lives.

關鍵字/Key Word
尼采、遺忘、記憶、生命、歷史
Nietzsche, forgetting, memory, life, history

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
哲學 Philosophy