出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2005.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第35卷第4期 Vol. 35, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
Constructing Federalism—The EU and US Models in Comparison
建構聯邦原則——歐盟與美國的比較研究

作者/Author
張文貞 Wen-Chen Chang

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 733-773

摘要
歐盟正朝進一步的整合持續穩定發展，歐盟與各會員國的關係也逐漸往所謂的聯邦原則來發展；而美國則是採用聯邦原則的一個成功典範。在聯邦原則的建立上，是否有一定的模式可尋呢？歐盟此一超國家的組織，是否可能在「中心—邊陲」的權力分配與安排上，採行聯邦原則？美國與歐盟在此一經驗上的比較又是如何？為了理解此一問題，並比較美國與聯邦在建構聯邦原則上的異同，本文首先對聯邦原則採取功能性的理解，將歐盟視為跨國聯邦。此外，本文亦採動態分析，將歐盟與美國的比較，著重於二者在聯邦原則的建構過程與互動方式。

本文發現歐盟與美國在建構聯邦原則的過程中，在途徑、組織原則、執行機制、組織重心及建構過程等面向，都採取了完全不同的方式，但兩者都成功整合中心與邊陲的權力運作。本文因此主張，聯邦原則的建構以及聯邦模式的採行是有彈性的，並不受國界的限制。建立跨國聯邦的可能性已經存在，並可能進一步引發跨國憲政體制的發展。

Abstract
The EU has been taking a steady path toward closer integration, and its member states have delegated some of their sovereignty to the EU institutions. On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, the US represents a successful model of federalism that recognizes duel sovereignty. What are the relevant legal, political, economic, and cultural foundations for constructing federalism? What are the similarities and differences between the EU and the US in their arrangements of the center-periphery relationship?

To examine this comparative issue, this paper adopts a functional understanding of federalism in analyzing power distribution between a center and periphery. Through this approach, the EU is judged to be in the process of constructing supranational federalism. This article examines the EU and US respectively in their path, organizing principle, enforcing mechanism, organizational focus, and process of constructing federalism. It finds that their patterns have been quite different. In spite of the differences, however, both the EU and the US present successful models of federalist construction. This paper concludes that the pattern of constructing federalism is flexible. With treaties or constitutions, with an economic focus or an even broader one, constructing federalism is possible.

關鍵字/Key Word
聯邦原則、管制性聯邦原則、跨國聯邦、二元主權、輔助原則
regulatory federalism, process federalism, supranational federalism, duel sovereignty, principle of subsidiarity

DOI
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學門分類/Subject
法學 Law