出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2007.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第37卷第4期 Vol. 37, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
科學實驗的輻射發展：重構早期電學實驗的歷史
A Radial Model of Experimental Development—Reconstructing the History of Early Electrical Experiments

作者/Author
陳瑞麟 Ruey-Lin Chen

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 535-591

摘要
本文的目的在於提出一個「科學實驗的輻射發展模式」，並以十八世紀的近代電學實驗的歷史來例證。本文首先簡短回顧研究科學實驗的文獻，然後提出實驗的結構，包括背景理念、實驗模型和物質落實。接著我們界定原型實驗與衍生實驗的概念，再根據實驗的結構來考察兩者間的傳衍關係，繼而辨識八種傳衍關係。原型實驗與衍生實驗間不同的傳衍關係，使得科學實驗的發展呈現出輻射狀。最後我們將顯示近代電學實驗的歷史能緊密地配合此模式。

Abstract
This paper proposes a radial model of scientific experimental development. I shall support the model with reference to the history of modern electrical experiments in the 18th century. After a brief review of the literature on experimentation, I first analyze the typical structure of experimentation, which consists of the background ideas of experiment, the experimental model and the material realization of the model. Next, I specify “the prototypical experiment” and “the descended experiment” and explore the descendent phenomena by juxapositioning the structure of the prototypical experiment against that of the descended one. Then, I discern eight types of descendent relations. Different relations between a prototypical experiment and different descended experiments cause the developmental pattern of experiments to appear radial. Finally, I show that the history of modern electrical experiments fits very well the radial model.

關鍵字/Key Word
科學實驗、實驗的結構、科學史、電學、科學哲學
scientific experiment, structure of experimentation, history of science, electrics, philosophy of science

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
哲學 Philosophy