出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2010.03

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第40卷第1期 Vol. 40, No. 1

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
Jose Garcia Villa—Critique of a Subaltern Poetics
維拉：底層詩學的批判

作者/Author
山璜 E. San Juan, Jr.

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 1-29

摘要
1930至1997年在美國生活的菲律賓流亡詩人維拉，他的經驗說明了被新殖民主義宰制的底層藝術家的困境。維拉的成就，具現在《鴿鷹獅》詩集裡，其意義與價值須置放在其作品的主題、風格與藝術宣言的生成中才能充分理解，因為他的藝術風格乃是在美菲歷史與政治的緊張關係中形成的。潛伏於殖民吸納下的是內在於全球資本主義國際體系中，國家與民族的全球關係。研究維拉的創作經驗將使這樣歷史敍述更為複雜，我們也因而需要更歷史化地對待藝術團體的功能、語言的問題，以及各團體之間的論爭，不論是提倡個人主義式，「藝術僅為藝術」服務的意識型態，或是強調公民道德、宗教形上學、革命社會主義等對立的意識型態。這些論爭都置放在具體的歷史過程中理解，如此我們才能對維拉的族裔底層詩學進行確切的、過程的，以及歷史唯物論的評價，並且理解維拉的詩學如何在現代到後現代的矛盾轉型中發展成形。

Abstract
The case of Jose Garcia Villa, an exiled Filipino poet who lived in the U.S. from 1930 to 1997, illustrates the predicament of the subaltern, neocolonized artist embedded in what Pierre Bourdieu calls “the literary field” (see The Rules of Art). The significance and ultimate value of Villa’s accomplishment, as epitomized in Doveglion: Collected Poems (2008), can only be fully appraised by contextualizing the genesis and structuring of his themes, styles, and artistic manifestoes in the fraught historical-political relations between the imperial hegemon, the United States, and the dependent, peripheral socioeconomic formation, the Philippines. Underlying this colonial subsumption is the global relations of nations and peoples within the inter-state system of global capitalism between the 1930 Depression in the US, World War II, and the Cold War period marked by the communist victory in China, the Korean War, the IndoChina War, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the Middle East conflicts. Complicating this grid, further historical specifications concerning the function of artistic organizations, the language question, and the arguments between groups advocating the individualist art-for-art’s sake ideology and its antitheses (civic morality, religious metaphysics, revolutionary socialism), should be factored in to arrive at a fully determinate, processual, and historical- materialist assessment of the Villa phenomenon as an example of an ethnic, subaltern poetics articulated within the uneven, contradiction-filled transition from modernity to postmodernity.

關鍵字/Key Word
菲律賓民族主義、新殖民主義、跨國主義、歷史唯物論、底層
Filipino nationalism, neocolonialism, transnationalism, historical materialism, subaltern

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
文學 Literature