出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2010.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第40卷第3期 Vol. 40, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
什麼是言論自由：一個超薄理論
What Is the Right to Free Speech—A Thin Theory

作者/Author
鄭光明 Kuang-ming Cheng

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 715-777

摘要
什麼是言論自由？為了反對色情，女性主義者藍騰曾主張「言論自由」：1. 必須「不只是言詞而已」；2. 還必須是「可以拿話做事的自由」。本文擬針對主張1深入討論。我們要問：主張1能夠成立嗎？格林認為答案是否定的，而約克森更認為藍騰的主張「甚至超出了言論自由的極端捍衛者所曾試著捍衛的界限」。本文擬一方面評判藍騰的言論自由觀是否能夠成立，另一方面則間接回答「什麼是言論自由」。本文將指出：藍騰的言論自由觀有流於「言論自由的厚理論」之虞，因此是不能成立的。為此，本文將主張一種最低限度的言論自由觀，並稱之為言論自由的「毒舌鉤理論」或「超薄理論」。

Abstract
A famous anti-pornography feminist, Rae Langton argues that pornography silences the voices of women by preventing them from taking effective action with their words. Therefore, pornography violates the civil rights and freedom of speech of women, and should not be allowed. The right to free speech embodied in Langton’s view would be “more than words.” But the right to free speech Langton advocates would be a “positive” right, and likely a richer one than liberals would accept. In what follows, I will argue that the right to free speech should be a minimal one that does not require an audience to have the capacity to comprehend what speakers say. One way of expressing the right to free speech, in the familiar liberal language of negative rights, is that were speakers to speak, and were the audience to want to hear the idea the speaker expresses, there would be no agent preventing speakers from communicating. An audience cannot be forced to learn a language or employ a translator, according to this conception, but they are not permitted to disable the megaphone provided for the speaker. Therefore, there are powerful liberal reasons for thinking that the right to free speech should be “more than sounds” but “less than words.”

關鍵字/Key Word
言論自由、藍騰、格林、約克森、言論自由的超薄理論
freedom of speech, Rae Langton, Leslie Green, Daniel Jacobson, the thin theory of free speech

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
哲學 Philosophy