出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2010.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第40卷第3期 Vol. 40, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
論離婚後父母對未成年子女權利義務之行使負擔：美國法上子女最佳利益原則的發展與努力方向
Resolving Child Custody Disputes after Divorce—The Development of the Best Interest of the Child Doctrine in America

作者/Author
李立如 Li-Ju Lee

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 779-828

摘要
本文旨在討論「子女最佳利益原則」於處理離婚後父母對未成年子女權利義務行使負擔之爭議時所面臨的困境，並探究美國學界與實務界對此所做的回應與未來的發展方向。子女最佳利益原則確立以來，由於內涵不夠具體明確，引發了種種批評及實務運作上的困難。因此，近年來美國實務界嘗試尋找各種替代標準。本文討論上述發展，分析各個替代原則的利弊得失，並論及程序面上為落實子女最佳利益原則所進行的制度設計與運作。作者認為，多元程序的建立及司法者角色的重新塑造應是未來努力方向。

Abstract
The problem of child custody after divorce is one of the most important yet difficult issues in American family law. Since the 1970s, the “Best Interest of the Child” doctrine has been guiding courts in determining custody cases in the United States. The BIC doctrine is reflective of social and legal commitments to promote the welfare of children. However, the BIC doctrine is criticized heavily for being vague, and thereby permitting arbitrary judicial decisions in the name of the interests of the children.

Discontent with the BIC doctrine, the American legal community has begun looking for another test to clarify or even replace the troubled doctrine. This essay argues that the proposed alternative tests do not live up to expectations because they fail to resolve the problem of vagueness while raising still more questions regarding the interests of the child. The essay also suggests that an effort to build a court-centered mechanism, with various procedures and services, would seem to be a more plausible approach.

關鍵字/Key Word
子女最佳利益、友善父母條款、共同監護、主要照顧者原則、過去照顧模式
the best interest of the child, friendly parent provision, joint custody, primary caretaker preference, past care-taking standard

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
法學 Law