出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2011.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第41卷第3期 Vol. 41, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
美國最高法院與就業上年齡歧視之禁止
United States Supreme Court and the Prohibition of Age Discrimination in Employment

作者/Author
焦興鎧 Cing-Kae Chiao

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 679-762

摘要
本文之目的，是要對美國自1967年起所建構禁止就業上年齡歧視之法制，做一簡要之說明，並對該國聯邦最高法院過去四十多年所做之30則相關判決，以三個階段為期做一全面之檢視，藉以評析其已解決之爭議，並找出未來仍可努力之空間，以供我國未來在處理相關問題時參考攻錯之用。全文主要內容共分五大部分：第一部分說明1967年就業年齡歧視法之制定背景、立法經過、重要條款與嗣後之修正及執行機構等。第二部分探討自聯邦最高法院在1976年做出第一則判決後，至1985年為止，在11則判決中所處理之相關爭議。第三部分檢視1989年至1998年這段期間之另11則判決。第四部分則是延續前二部分之作法，討論該院自2000年至2008年所做成之八則判決。第五部分試圖對該院在這些判決中所能發揮之作用，做一綜合性之評析，並提出美國在這方面之經驗可供我國攻錯援引之處。

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a brief account of the legal regime governing the prohibition of age discrimination in employment in the Untied States. It examines in three stages in the development of that legal regime, taking account of thirty related decisions rendered by the U.S. Supreme Court over the past forty years, assessing the controversies resolved and issues as yet unresolved. The paper is divided into five sections. Section One discusses the background information, legislative history, important provisions, subsequent amendments, and the enforcement mechanism of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967. Section Two examines twelve cases ruled on by the Supreme Court from 1976 to 1985 to discuss the controversies it settled. Section Three evaluates twelve cases from 1989 to 1998. Section Four looks into eight cases rendered by the Court from 2000 to 2008. Section Five makes a general assessment of the impact of these decisions on the development of the American legal regime. Finally, the paper evaluates whether the American experience in this field can provide any guidance for Taiwan given its recent efforts to establish a similar legal system to combat age discrimination in employment.

關鍵字/Key Word
就業上年齡歧視、1967年就業年齡歧視法、1964年民權法第七章、平等就業機會委員會、美國最高法院
age discrimination in employment, Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, United States Supreme Court

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DOI
https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.201109.0679

學門分類/Subject
法學 Law