出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2012.06

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第42卷第2期 Vol. 42, No. 2

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
Cognitive Skills and Survey Nonresponse—Evidence from Two Longitudinal Studies in the United States
認知能力與拒絕受訪的關係：以美國的兩個貫時性社會調查為例

作者/Author
傑瑞米．費理茲、艾蜜莉亞．布蘭尼根 Jeremy Freese and Amelia Branigan

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 221-247

摘要
本研究分析受訪者參與貫時性社會調查的持續性是否與認知能力的高低有關。「威斯康辛長期追蹤研究」多次追蹤一批於1957年高中畢業的學生至今。筆者分析這項調查資料發現，能持續多次參與長期追蹤調查的受訪者，通常認知能力較高，而且這個關係並不受家庭背景的影響。只有在控制受訪者的教育成就、職業地位及社會參與程度之後，這兩者之間的關係才略為降低。然而，在「美國1979年青少年長期追蹤研究」(NLSY79) 之1998年波次的資料中卻呈現相反的關係：認知能力較高的人比較可能拒絕參與調查。筆者進一步分析NLSY79的資料發現，其實認知能力較低者，一開始也是比較容易拒絕參與調查，只是後來被訪員所說服，轉變成願意參與調查。NLSY79提供金錢誘因，使部份剛開始表示拒絕受訪的人，後來能願意接受訪問。然而WLS並沒有提供這樣的金錢誘因。這或許能解釋為何這兩項資料會呈現不同的研究結果。

Abstract
This study examines the relationship between general cognitive skills (i.e., those measured by intendedly general tests of ability or aptitude) and cooperation with requests for continued participation in longitudinal studies. Using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) of 1957 high school graduates, we find a consistent monotonic relationship in which those with higher measured skills are less likely to refuse to participate. Analyses indicate that this result cannot be explained by family background measures and is only slightly attenuated by the inclusion of measures of subsequent educational and occupational attainment and social participation. Meanwhile, in the 1998 wave of National Longitudinal Study of Youth in 1979 (NLSY79), the opposite relationship is observed: those with higher cognitive skills are somewhat more likely to refuse to participate. Further analyses reveal that this is due to some aspect of refusal conversion, as the pattern of initial refusals in the NLSY79 is similar to that of ultimate refusals in the WLS. One important difference between the refusal conversion efforts in the two studies is that NLSY79 has used significant financial incentives and WLS does not, which may explain the difference.

關鍵字/Key Word
認知能力、拒絕受訪、貫時性研究
cognitive skills, cognitive ability, survey nonresponse, longitudinal surveys

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DOI
https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.201206.0221

學門分類/Subject
社會學 Sociology