出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2015.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第45卷第4期 Vol. 45, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
私人保險保費之前男女平等？從德國法觀點評析歐洲法院Test-Achats ASBL 案判決
Unisex Pricing in Private Insurance? —An Analysis of the ECJ Test-Achats ASBL Judgment from the Perspective of German Law

作者/Author
陳靜慧 Ching-Hui Chen

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 571-618

摘要
歐體2004/113/EG平等待遇指令第5條第2項原規定會員國在能提出最新的保險精算數據為依據的情況下，例外允許男女差別保險費率得繼續存在。歐洲法院於Test-Achats ASBL案，宣告前開允許男女差別保費之例外條款因牴觸歐盟法而失效。本文從性別統計性歧視之容許性著手，分析究竟歐洲法院要求各保險公司必須統一男女保險費率的裁判見解，是否與男女平等原則之意旨相符。其次，禁止私人保險採取男女差別保險費率，限制了私人保險公司的契約自由，本文嘗試就禁止性別歧視原則適用於私法領域之界限提出看法。

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the 2011 decision of the European Court of Justice in Test-Achats ASBL. The ECJ ruled that the different premiums based purely on the grounds of gender were incompatible with the unisex rule, which is the purpose of the Directive 2004/113/EC in the insurance field and therefore, with the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. The core issue is—Could insurers use sex as a determining risk factor to justify differences in individuals’ premiums? Gender is commonly used as a determining risk-rating factor for certain insurance products because there is statistical data to back it up. This article thus aims to examine the discrimination disputes caused by different premiums for men and women in light of the boundary of statistical discrimination on the grounds of sex. According to the ECJ’s judgment, from 21 December 2012, insurance companies in the EU are no longer allowed to charge different prices based on a person’s sex. This restricts private company’s freedom of contract. The article hence goes on to discuss the relationship between prohibition of sex discrimination and the principle of freedom of contract.

關鍵字/Key Word
性別中立定價、禁止性別歧視原則、統計性歧視、刻板印象、契約自由
unisex pricing, prohibition of sex discrimination, statis-tical discrimination, stereotype, freedom of contract

全文下載 PDF Download

DOI
https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.201512_45(4).0004

學門分類/Subject
法學 Jurisprudence