出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2018.12

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第48卷第4期 Vol. 48, No. 4

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
假設性思考與解釋關係
Counterfactual Reasoning and Explanatory Relations

作者/Author
鄧敦民 Duen-Min Deng

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 549-590

摘要
「假設性思考」與「解釋關係」之間有著十分緊密的關聯。首先，大部分的哲學家都同意，「假設性思考」對於我們了解「解釋關係」有很大的幫助，因為解釋關係通常具有反事實條件句的蘊含，使得我們可以透過假設性思考來檢測「解釋關係」是否成立。另一方面，「解釋關係」對於我們了解假設性思考也扮演了很重要的角色，而這部分的關聯卻是文獻當中較少提及的。本文的目標便是要闡明這部分的關聯，特別針對在「反事實條件句」這種展現假設性思考的重要方式中，「解釋關係」所扮演的角色。本文將從「可能世界語意學」、「因果模型」以及「前提語意學」等主要理解反事實條件句的語意學架構著手，來檢視「解釋關係」在當中所扮演的角色。

Abstract
There is an intimate connection between “counterfactual reasoning” and “explanatory relations.” On the one hand, “counterfactual reasoning” plays a crucial role in helping us establish certain explanatory relations, as it is widely acknowledged that explanatory relations have counterfactual implications, by which we may test whether a given explanatory relation holds. On the other hand, explanatory relations also play a crucial role in our counterfactual reasoning. This, however, is comparatively less discussed in the literature, and it is the aim of this paper to explicate it more clearly, with a special focus on the role of explanatory relations in our understanding of counterfactual conditionals. I shall examine the alleged connection through the main semantic frameworks for counterfactual conditionals, including the possible world semantics, causal models, and the premise semantics.

關鍵字/Key Word
假設性思考、解釋關係、可能世界語意學、因果模型、前提語意學
counterfactual reasoning, explanatory relations, possible world semantics, causal models, premise semantics

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DOI
https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.201812_48(4).0003

學門分類/Subject
哲學 Philosophy