出刊年月/Date of Publishing

2022.09

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第52卷第3期 Vol. 52, No. 3

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
論美國法精神障礙抗辯的新發展：以Kahler v. Kansas 案為核心
Insanity Defense Developments in the United States: Kahler v. Kansas

作者/Author
楊迺軒 Nai-Hsuan Yang

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 505-566

摘要
美國的精神障礙與心智缺陷抗辯之立法模式，主要有四種樣態，分別為：姆納頓法則、不可抗拒之衝動準則、無能力判斷道德是非、模範刑法典模式。然而，堪薩斯州採取了不同於上述的立法模式，反倒修法將精神障礙抗辯從罪責抗辯事由中移除，刑事被告僅可在主觀要件認定與量刑裁量時主張。美國聯邦最高法院在2020年的Kahler v. Kansas案中，針對刑法中的精神障礙與心智缺陷抗辯規定，是否受到聯邦憲法第14修正案的正當法律程序保障為主要審理爭點，並對精神障礙抗辯的立法模式作出相關的分析討論。

Abstract
There are four main legislative models governing the insanity defense in the United States: the M’Naghten rule, M’Naghten plus volitional incapacity, Moral incapacity, and Model Penal Code. Recently, Kansas adopted a novel legislative model under which the insanity defense is no longer available as an excuse with respect to guilty, but can only be raised in the determination of subjective elements and sentencing. The U.S. Supreme Court took the Kahler v. Kansas case in 2020, focusing on whether the insanity defense is protected by the due process of the Fourteenth Amendment, and further discussing the nature of different legislative models for the insanity defense.

關鍵字/Key Word
精神障礙與心智缺陷抗辯、阻卻罪責事由、姆納頓法則、正當法律程序
insanity defense, Excuse, M’Naghten rule, Due Process Clause

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DOI
https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.202209_52(3).0004

學門分類/Subject
法學 Law